linux服务器安装nodejs时因网络问题无法连接github或者fnm官网时候的一种解决方案

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发现问题

在 ubuntu 服务器里想安装 nodejs，进入 nodejs 官网，打开下载页，选择版本，linux。目前官网推荐的是使用 fnm，nvm，docker 来安装。我这里选择的是 fnm。

选择好后会显示 bash 命令行

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# Download and install fnm:
curl -o- https://fnm.vercel.app/install | bash
# Download and install Node.js:
fnm install 22
# Verify the Node.js version:
node -v # Should print "v22.14.0".
# Verify npm version:
npm -v # Should print "10.9.2".

服务器里运行发现，curl 的时候出错了，可能是无法访问造成的。

然后我在可以访问这个连接的地方访问了这个网站，发现里面是 bash 脚本。理解了他是下载这个脚本，然后使用 bash 运行，所以我手动复制了这个脚本下来，传到服务器里。

在服务器里运行，发现还是在 download 的时候报错，打开脚本仔细看，在download_fnm函数里

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if [ "$RELEASE" = "latest" ]; then
  URL="https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/releases/latest/download/$FILENAME.zip"
else
  URL="https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/releases/download/$RELEASE/$FILENAME.zip"
fi

if ! curl --progress-bar --fail -L "$URL" -o "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME.zip"; then
  echo "Download failed.  Check that the release/filename are correct."
  exit 1
fi

他还是要通过 github 下载，无法访问的话自然会下载失败。但是他会提示你正在哪个链接下载，比如https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/releases/latest/download/fnm-linux.zip。
后面的那个 zip 文件就是需要下载的文件，所以去 fnm 的 github releases 里手动下载这个 zip 文件，然后传到服务器里。

然后继续回到 bash 脚本里，把 set_filename 这个函数注释了，因为已经明确的知道文件名了。

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parse_args "$@"
# set_filename
check_dependencies
download_fnm
if [ "$SKIP_SHELL" != "true" ]; then
  setup_shell
fi

然后进入download_fnm函数里

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# 将下载相关的命令注释掉，不需要从github下载了
# if ! curl --progress-bar --fail -L "$URL" -o "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME.zip"; then
#   echo "Download failed.  Check that the release/filename are correct."
#   exit 1
# fi

# 将 FILENAME 变量改为之前得到的文件名
FILENAME="fnm-linux"

# 新建一个 FILEPATH 变量，变量值是你传入到服务器里的zip文件路径
FILEPATH="$HOME/$FILENAME"

# 将你传到服务器里的文件，复制到临时目录里
cp "$FILEPATH.zip" "$DOWNLOAD_DIR"

# 随便写一个echo，提示正在解压文件
echo "Unziping $FILENAME"

unzip -q "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME.zip" -d "$DOWNLOAD_DIR"

然后 bash 里，运行最终修改好的脚本文件就安装好了

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bash install.sh

完整代码，目前 fnm 版本是1.38.1，如果以后版本的安装脚本变动的话，需要根据需求重新改

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#!/bin/bash

set -e

RELEASE="latest"
OS="$(uname -s)"

case "${OS}" in
   MINGW* | Win*) OS="Windows" ;;
esac

if [ -d "$HOME/.fnm" ]; then
  INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/.fnm"
elif [ -n "$XDG_DATA_HOME" ]; then
  INSTALL_DIR="$XDG_DATA_HOME/fnm"
elif [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ]; then
  INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/Library/Application Support/fnm"
else
  INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/.local/share/fnm"
fi

# Parse Flags
parse_args() {
  while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
    key="$1"

    case $key in
    -d | --install-dir)
      INSTALL_DIR="$2"
      shift # past argument
      shift # past value
      ;;
    -s | --skip-shell)
      SKIP_SHELL="true"
      shift # past argument
      ;;
    --force-install | --force-no-brew)
      echo "\`--force-install\`: I hope you know what you're doing." >&2
      FORCE_INSTALL="true"
      shift
      ;;
    -r | --release)
      RELEASE="$2"
      shift # past release argument
      shift # past release value
      ;;
    *)
      echo "Unrecognized argument $key"
      exit 1
      ;;
    esac
  done
}

set_filename() {
  if [ "$OS" = "Linux" ]; then
    # Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/45125525
    case "$(uname -m)" in
      arm | armv7*)
        FILENAME="fnm-arm32"
        ;;
      aarch* | armv8*)
        FILENAME="fnm-arm64"
        ;;
      *)
        FILENAME="fnm-linux"
    esac
  elif [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ] && [ "$FORCE_INSTALL" = "true" ]; then
    FILENAME="fnm-macos"
    USE_HOMEBREW="false"
    echo "Downloading the latest fnm binary from GitHub..."
    echo "  Pro tip: it's easier to use Homebrew for managing fnm in macOS."
    echo "           Remove the \`--force-no-brew\` so it will be easy to upgrade."
  elif [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ]; then
    USE_HOMEBREW="true"
    echo "Downloading fnm using Homebrew..."
  elif [ "$OS" = "Windows" ] ; then
    FILENAME="fnm-windows"
    echo "Downloading the latest fnm binary from GitHub..."
  else
    echo "OS $OS is not supported."
    echo "If you think that's a bug - please file an issue to https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/issues"
    exit 1
  fi
}

download_fnm() {
  if [ "$USE_HOMEBREW" = "true" ]; then
    brew install fnm
  else
    if [ "$RELEASE" = "latest" ]; then
      URL="https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/releases/latest/download/$FILENAME.zip"
    else
      URL="https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/releases/download/$RELEASE/$FILENAME.zip"
    fi

    DOWNLOAD_DIR=$(mktemp -d)

    # echo "Downloading $URL..."

    mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR" &>/dev/null

    # if ! curl --progress-bar --fail -L "$URL" -o "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME.zip"; then
    #   echo "Download failed.  Check that the release/filename are correct."
    #   exit 1
    # fi

    FILENAME="fnm-linux"

    FILEPATH="$HOME/$FILENAME"

    cp "$FILEPATH.zip" "$DOWNLOAD_DIR"

    echo "Unziping $FILENAME"

    unzip -q "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME.zip" -d "$DOWNLOAD_DIR"

    if [ -f "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/fnm" ]; then
      mv "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/fnm" "$INSTALL_DIR/fnm"
    else
      mv "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME/fnm" "$INSTALL_DIR/fnm"
    fi

    chmod u+x "$INSTALL_DIR/fnm"
  fi
}

check_dependencies() {
  echo "Checking dependencies for the installation script..."

  echo -n "Checking availability of unzip... "
  if hash unzip 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "OK!"
  else
    echo "Missing!"
    SHOULD_EXIT="true"
  fi

  if [ "$USE_HOMEBREW" = "true" ]; then
    echo -n "Checking availability of Homebrew (brew)... "
    if hash brew 2>/dev/null; then
      echo "OK!"
    else
      echo "Missing!"
      SHOULD_EXIT="true"
    fi
  fi

  if [ "$SHOULD_EXIT" = "true" ]; then
    echo "Not installing fnm due to missing dependencies."
    exit 1
  fi
}

ensure_containing_dir_exists() {
  local CONTAINING_DIR
  CONTAINING_DIR="$(dirname "$1")"
  if [ ! -d "$CONTAINING_DIR" ]; then
    echo " >> Creating directory $CONTAINING_DIR"
    mkdir -p "$CONTAINING_DIR"
  fi
}

setup_shell() {
  CURRENT_SHELL="$(basename "$SHELL")"

  if [ "$CURRENT_SHELL" = "zsh" ]; then
    CONF_FILE=${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zshrc
    ensure_containing_dir_exists "$CONF_FILE"
    echo "Installing for Zsh. Appending the following to $CONF_FILE:"
    {
      echo ''
      echo '# fnm'
      echo 'FNM_PATH="'"$INSTALL_DIR"'"'
      echo 'if [ -d "$FNM_PATH" ]; then'
      echo '  export PATH="'$INSTALL_DIR':$PATH"'
      echo '  eval "`fnm env`"'
      echo 'fi'
    } | tee -a "$CONF_FILE"

  elif [ "$CURRENT_SHELL" = "fish" ]; then
    CONF_FILE=$HOME/.config/fish/conf.d/fnm.fish
    ensure_containing_dir_exists "$CONF_FILE"
    echo "Installing for Fish. Appending the following to $CONF_FILE:"
    {
      echo ''
      echo '# fnm'
      echo 'set FNM_PATH "'"$INSTALL_DIR"'"'
      echo 'if [ -d "$FNM_PATH" ]'
      echo '  set PATH "$FNM_PATH" $PATH'
      echo '  fnm env | source'
      echo 'end'
    } | tee -a "$CONF_FILE"

  elif [ "$CURRENT_SHELL" = "bash" ]; then
    if [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ]; then
      CONF_FILE=$HOME/.profile
    else
      CONF_FILE=$HOME/.bashrc
    fi
    ensure_containing_dir_exists "$CONF_FILE"
    echo "Installing for Bash. Appending the following to $CONF_FILE:"
    {
      echo ''
      echo '# fnm'
      echo 'FNM_PATH="'"$INSTALL_DIR"'"'
      echo 'if [ -d "$FNM_PATH" ]; then'
      echo '  export PATH="$FNM_PATH:$PATH"'
      echo '  eval "`fnm env`"'
      echo 'fi'
    } | tee -a "$CONF_FILE"

  else
    echo "Could not infer shell type. Please set up manually."
    exit 1
  fi

  echo ""
  echo "In order to apply the changes, open a new terminal or run the following command:"
  echo ""
  echo "  source $CONF_FILE"
}

parse_args "$@"
# set_filename
check_dependencies
download_fnm
if [ "$SKIP_SHELL" != "true" ]; then
  setup_shell
fi